Instructions: Each of the following passages contains one of the major fallacies we have discussed so far:
| Fallacy | Definition |
|---|---|
| Loaded question | Asking a question with a false or debatable presupposition. |
| Question-begging language | Pushing a conclusion not by offering evidence, but by using language that restates what you want to prove. |
| Equivocation | Using an ambiguous word, phrase or sentence to confuse or mislead. |
| Accent | To change the meaning of a sentence unambiguous in a context by omitting or stressing words in it. |
| Composition | Arguing that what is true of the parts must be true of the whole, or using a general term distributively in the premises but collectively in the conclusion. |
| Division | Arguing that what is true of the whole must be true of the parts, or using a general term collectively in the premises but distributively in the conclusion. |
For each passage, explain what is wrong and choose the appropriate label.
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Question 1 of 15
1. Question
When are Americans going to learn to respect achievement? Until they respect achievement, they will wallow in mediocrity.
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Question 2 of 15
2. Question
Pharmacist sign: “We dispense with care”
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Question 3 of 15
3. Question
Your brain is made of molecules. Molecules do not have consciousness. Therefore, your brain cannot be the source of consciousness.
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Question 4 of 15
4. Question
Ad in store: “We stand behind every bed we sell!”
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Question 5 of 15
5. Question
The American judicial system is a fair system. Therefore, that guy who just got executed must have had a fair trial.
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Question 6 of 15
6. Question
Fred: “Ted, why do you claim that astronauts never landed on the moon?”
Ted: “Because Mayor Tina Louise says so, and she doesn’t lie.”
Fred: “How do you know she doesn’t lie?”
Ted: “Because she tells the unvarnished truth, and is totally honest in her statements.” -
Question 7 of 15
7. Question
Ad (top of page): FLY TO FRANCE FOR ONLY $150*
Ad (bottom of page): Not counting taxes, fuel charges, surcharges, and baggage fees. -
Question 8 of 15
8. Question
When will our Leftist news media stop attacking our patriotic President?
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Question 9 of 15
9. Question
Beautiful models sell cars just by being pictured next to the cars in the ads. But models are composed of atoms, so in fact atoms sell cars.
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Question 10 of 15
10. Question
Why do I think that the President is incompetent? Because he can’t accomplish anything, no matter how hard he tries. His is absolutely unable to succeed at even the simplest things.
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Question 11 of 15
11. Question
Sue: “I think it would be a mistake to promote Sam. He is very aggressive with other workers, and his honesty is questionable.”
Mona: “I agree with you that we should promote Sam, because he is very honest.” -
Question 12 of 15
12. Question
Announcement: “Our X-ray unit will give you an examination for tuberculosis which you will receive free of charge.”
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Question 13 of 15
13. Question
Martha, Wolfgang and Julia are all superb chefs. So putting them together in the kitchen here will have fabulous results for our restaurant.
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Question 14 of 15
14. Question
Teacher to student: “I shall lose no time reading your paper.”
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Question 15 of 15
15. Question
Headline: “Grandmother of eight makes hole in one.”
Woman to husband: “I can’t believe a woman would do that to her own grandchild!”