Recall from the text that some statements are true solely by definition of the terms in them (‘necessary true’ or ‘tautology’), and some are false by definition of the terms in them (‘necessarily false’ or ‘self-contradictory’). Necessary statements (i.e., tautologies and self-contradictions) are uninformative about the world since they don’t depend on the way the world is. In contrast, a statement can be true not necessarily but because of the way the world is (‘contingently true’) or false because of the way is (‘contingently false’). Because their truth depends upon the way the world is and not merely upon the meanings of the words involved, contingent statements are informative.
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For each of the following sentences, assume that any terms used in it are consistently defined or interpreted. (For example, by “Maria is Maria” we mean the same person for both uses of the word ‘Maria’). Determine whether the statement is a tautology, self-contradiction, contingent truth, or contingent falsehood.
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
“Whatever will be, will be.”
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
“China’s economic growth will likely slow in the years to come.”
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
“China’s economic growth has been small over the last thirty years.”
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
“If our nation comes together, we will fail to unite.”
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
“If you get killed, you will lose an important part of your life.”
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
“You got to do what you got to do!”
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
“A few cats are not felines.”
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
“A few cats are unfriendly.”
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
“A few cats are immortal.”
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
“It’s no exaggeration to say that in this election, the undecided could vote one way or the other.”