In the text, we laid out ten criteria for assessing appeals to authority. We saw that the authority needs to be: (1) identified; (2) qualified; (3) personally credible; (4) testifying in his/her field; (5) current; (6) quoted in full; (7) base his/her testimony upon open evidence; (8) use only method and theories generally accepted in the field; (9) the more numerous the experts the better; and (10) the more varied the experts the better. But when we are making a quick judgment about a case in front of us, the first questions we ask are about the expert’s personal credibility, especially any overt biases, whether the expert is testifying in his/her field, and the qualification of the expert. We look for broad indicators of expertise, the ones we can see without doing research.
For each of the following, indicate whether it is a prima facie reasonable or prima facie unreasonable/fallacious appeal to authority, and why.
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Ricardo Gomez is a famous salsa dancer who teaches his children how to dance. He is a passionate advocate for governmental funding of dance education in grade schools.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Jessica Gomez tells you that for your upcoming foot surgery, you should discontinue taking your blood thinning medication. Gomez is the nurse PA to your cardiologist (i.e., a nurse with the highest training possible in her field).
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Luisa Hernandez is recommending that you (an older person on a modest income) buy an annuity from an insurance company for your retirement. Hernandez is a financial planner with an MBA working for a large firm. She is paid commissions for any annuities she sells.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Professor Luiz Orca-Lorca is a famous professor of Spanish literature at the University of Madrid, with many publications on Cervantes and other great Spanish authors. He is urging Spanish citizens to vote to pull Spain out of the European Union, to help its economy.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Maria Lopez is trying to lose weight, because her cardiologist, Dr. Norma Smith, is telling her that she needs to lower her risk factors for heart disease and diabetes.
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